Today, on the 11th of the Tornado Cash Trial, Dr. Edman, co-founder and partner of Naxo, a forensic and digital investigations company, took a position for most of the test day.
In his direct testimony, he defined the terms of key encryption for the Court, explained the measure that the Tornado money was decentralized, he highlighted the Roman Storm precautions and the other co-founders in cash of the Tornado took to prevent bad actors from using the service and questioned the validity of the analysis presented by two previous witnesses.
During the cross exam, the accusation pushed Dr. Edman to share the details and provide shades regarding some of the statements he made and the data he presented in his testimony.
Describing how it works in cash of the tornado
In his slides, Dr. Edman described Tornado Cash as an unwanted service that used intelligent contracts immutable for anonymous transactions.
While introducing crypto-specific words and phrases that could not have been familiar with the jury as the “cryptographic signatures”, “intelligent contracts” and the aforementioned “immutable”, defined them in terms of layperson.
He was so accurate in making his efforts become apparently counterproductive as they lost some members of the jury in the process.
Having said that, he made a series of remarkable points in his testimony, including that the cash contracts in cash of the Tornado had been immutable from 18 May 2020, that the cash in cash of the Tornado played a role in the Tornado cash assistance that Tornado governing (unlike the coast of Ghtab, in Onced the, onphed the Touy, on the Touy, on the Touy, on the Touy, on the touy, on the touy, on the touy, Touy onsis on the ons.
Dr. Edman also observed that the user interface for Tornado Cash was also decentralized in a certain sense as it existed on IPFS (interplanetary file system), a peer-to-peer storage system for sharing data between the distributed networks.
The precautions taken by the Tornado Cash Developers
Dr. Edman underlined the fact that Storm and his co-founders applied a geoblocking system to the user interface, making it more difficult for people or entities of some regions of the globe, such as North or Cuba Korea, use the user interface.
He also observed that the Tornado Cash Developers have implemented the sanction of the Oracle chain, an intelligent contract that includes a list of sanctioned addresses – within a month from the creation of chain chains.
Criticizing the testimony of two other witnesses
Dr. Edman said he had examined the data that the Special FBI Decapua agent presented last week, underlining while the portfolios associated with Ronin’s hack did not move the funds through Tornado Cash. He said there were a series of hops from Ronin’s hacking portfolio to Tornado Cash, making the analysis more difficult to validate.
He added that from 1 September 2020 to 8 August 2022, 85% of the funds that moved through the Tornado money were “unidentified” while only 13% came from hack of the deduction events, claiming that most users in tornado cash was not necessarily criminal.
Dr. Edman also criticized the testimony of Philip Werlau, a blockchain of Anchain.Ai’s blockchain accounts and a witness for the accusation.
Dr. Edman was particularly critical of “Mr. Werlau’s” analysis of the Gas Report “, which monitored cryptocurrency deposits in cash. He said he did not know the known error rates of this methodology and that not even Mr. Werlau. (He said so much in his testimony.)
Examine Dr. Edman
Towards the cross examination of Dr. Edman, the accusation argued the fact that, from December 2020 to 8 August 2022, almost all the funds that moved through the cash of the Tornado were subjected to a router that the storm and its co-founders had established.
The accusation showed a slide that illustrates 7,764 Cash Tornado deposits and 7,322 samples for the 100 ETH Tornado Pool through the router in February 2022, a month in which there were no funds through directly called Pool.
While Dr. Edman was largely agreed with this case, he did not support the affirmation of the accusation according to which the criminals were moving illegal funds through the router to do it helped them to increase their anonymity. (The accusation claimed that the criminals put the funds through the same entry point in which all other users have helped to make the transactions stand out.)
Even during the cross exam, the accusation said that the owners of the GitHub account of the organization in cash in Tornado (Storm and its two co-founders) made the final decisions on what was included in the user interface and added that the source code for the user interface was not as open source as Dr. Edman said it was during his testimony.
At this last point, the charge argued that the supply of the minimized source code was not the same as the supply of the complete source code.
Dr. Edman was reluctant to agree with this evaluation and was resolved by stating that, according to the rigorous definition of open source that the accusation provided, the user interface in cash of the tornado was not technically completely open source from the beginning.
The accusation also asked Dr. Edman Se Storm and the other cash developers in Tornado actually incorporated the Geoblocking code.
They showed a commission for the code that Dr. Edman had included in his slides and put pressure on Dr. Edman to share whether or not he knew with certainty that the code had been united. Dr. Edman said he was at the best of his knowledge.
A second witness takes the stand
With about 10 minutes left on the test day, the defense called their second witness of the day, Tyler Alameida, at the stand.
Alameida works in IT security in Coinbase and testified that once he used the tornado money to preserve his privacy while sending funds from his portfolio to the Ukrainian war fund.
While Judge Failla had not allowed much space for the witnesses to talk about the case of use of privacy for Tornado Cash, he allowed Mr. Alameida to tell his story in just over five minutes was on the stall.
What’s the next?
The defense will call more witnesses to the stand tomorrow, one of which will be a custodian for the chain.
After that the defense has declared that it provides to bring about four other witnesses to the stand, including the same potentially Roman storm.